What are two involuntary deductions required by law?

The focus on withholding income tax and FICA as the two involuntary deductions required by law is accurate because both are mandated by federal regulations.

Withholding income tax is a practice established by tax laws, where employers are required to withhold a portion of an employee's earnings to cover federal income taxes. This ensures that individuals contribute to the tax system throughout the year, rather than facing a large tax bill when they file their yearly tax returns.

FICA, which stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, requires employers to withhold payroll taxes that fund Social Security and Medicare. This deduction is crucial as it helps provide benefits for retirees, disabled individuals, and medical care for seniors.

In contrast, the other options listed do not refer to legally mandatory deductions. Retirement savings, while important, typically involve voluntary contributions. Health insurance may also involve voluntary participation and varies by employer. Uniform maintenance and housing costs, as well as education fees, are personal expenses rather than deductions used to fulfill legal obligations. Therefore, the option highlighting withholding income tax and FICA accurately reflects the two key involuntary deductions required by law.