Which organization engages in oceanographic research according to its functions?

The correct answer is the US Coast Guard, as it plays a significant role in oceanographic research through its various functions related to marine safety, environmental protection, and law enforcement. The US Coast Guard conducts surveys and collects data that are valuable for understanding oceanographic conditions, such as currents, tides, and water quality. This information is crucial for navigation and managing marine resources, as well as responding to environmental disasters.

While the Department of Defense and NASA also engage in research that may touch on oceanographic themes—such as naval operations or satellite data relating to ocean conditions—the US Coast Guard’s core mission includes a specific focus on the marine environment and safety at sea. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is primarily focused on domestic law enforcement and national security issues, rather than oceanographic research. Thus, the involvement of the US Coast Guard in practical applications and climate change monitoring directly ties it to oceanographic research more than any of the other organizations listed.